MIDTERM 200+ MCQS WITH SHORTS
WEEK
1 – Basics of Simulation & Modeling
- Simulation is primarily used to __________.
a) Predict future performance
b) Replace real systems permanently
c) Avoid data collection
d) Eliminate experiments
Answer: a - A model is a __________ representation of a system.
a) Real
b) Simplified
c) Random
d) Physical only
Answer: b - Which of the following is NOT a purpose of simulation?
a) Risk reduction
b) System understanding
c) Guaranteed real-world accuracy
d) Testing alternatives
Answer: c - Simulation is most useful when the real system is
__________.
a) Cheap
b) Easy to modify
c) Dangerous or expensive
d) Unimportant
Answer: c - A system is defined as a collection of __________.
a) Equations
b) Resources
c) Interacting components
d) Outputs only
Answer: c - The environment of a system includes __________.
a) Only inputs
b) External entities interacting with the system
c) Only outputs
d) Hardware
Answer: b - A model that contains randomness is called __________.
a) Deterministic
b) Static
c) Stochastic
d) Linear
Answer: c - Deterministic models produce __________ output for the
same input.
a) Variable
b) Unique
c) Random
d) No
Answer: b - A continuous system changes state __________.
a) At fixed intervals
b) At discrete times only
c) Anytime in real time
d) Only when triggered
Answer: c - Discrete event systems change their state __________.
a) Continuously
b) At specific event times
c) Randomly
d) Never
Answer: b
WEEK
2 – Types of Models & Simulation Elements
- Static models evaluate a system __________.
a) Over time
b) At a specific moment
c) Randomly
d) Continuously
Answer: b - Monte Carlo simulation is a type of ________ model.
a) Dynamic
b) Stochastic
c) Deterministic
d) Continuous
Answer: b - Event scheduling is used in __________ simulation.
a) Discrete event
b) Continuous
c) Static
d) Physical
Answer: a - The event list stores __________.
a) Functions
b) Variables
c) Future events
d) Hardware details
Answer: c - The event cycle begins by selecting the event with
__________.
a) Maximum time
b) Minimum time
c) Random time
d) Average time
Answer: b - In simulation, the clock represents __________.
a) CPU time
b) Wall clock
c) Simulation time
d) Real time
Answer: c - Variables that describe the system at any time are
called __________.
a) Functions
b) State variables
c) Messages
d) Inputs
Answer: b - An activity is __________ lasting for a time period.
a) A state
b) An event
c) A condition
d) A process
Answer: d - The simulator processes events using the __________.
a) Event queue
b) Stack
c) Heap
d) Message list
Answer: a - Event routines are responsible for __________.
a) Handling event occurrence
b) Storing events
c) Scheduling CPU
d) Generating animations
Answer: a
WEEK
3 – Simulation Languages & Structures
- GPSS, SIMSCRIPT, and OMNeT++ are __________.
a) Operating systems
b) Simulation languages
c) Compilers
d) File systems
Answer: b - In OMNeT++, modules are connected through __________.
a) Files
b) Gates
c) Frames
d) Logs
Answer: b - A simple module in OMNeT++ contains __________.
a) Only variables
b) Behavior code
c) No logic
d) Only GUI
Answer: b - A compound module contains __________.
a) No submodules
b) One simple module
c) Other modules
d) Only routing tables
Answer: c - The NED file in OMNeT++ defines __________.
a) Code
b) Topology
c) Outputs
d) Animations
Answer: b - The *.ini file contains __________.
a) Model logic
b) Simulation configuration
c) Hardware drivers
d) Binary instructions
Answer: b - The message file (.msg) defines __________.
a) Events
b) Variables in messages
c) GUI settings
d) OS parameters
Answer: b - Tracing in simulation records __________.
a) System logs
b) Event flow
c) Random data
d) Hardware faults
Answer: b - Animation in OMNeT++ helps visualize __________.
a) Memory
b) Packet movement
c) CPU load
d) Storage
Answer: b - A simulation run ends when __________.
a) User stops
b) Time limit reached
c) Event list empty
d) All of these
Answer: d
WEEK
4 – Statistical Models, Random Numbers, Validation
- Random numbers in simulation must be __________.
a) Correlated
b) Independent
c) Fixed
d) Zero
Answer: b - A good RNG should produce numbers that are __________.
a) Highly patterned
b) Predictable
c) Uniformly distributed
d) Biased
Answer: c - Lack of proper random numbers leads to __________.
a) Accuracy
b) Correlated results
c) Better statistics
d) Faster output
Answer: b - Model verification checks __________.
a) Correctness of code
b) Real-world accuracy
c) Inputs
d) Hardware
Answer: a - Model validation checks __________.
a) If model meets objectives
b) If code compiles
c) If animations work
d) If system crashes
Answer: a - Confidence intervals are used in simulation to
__________.
a) Measure GUI
b) Estimate accuracy
c) Store logs
d) Change time
Answer: b - Variance reduction techniques improve __________.
a) Animation
b) Accuracy with fewer runs
c) Hardware speed
d) File size
Answer: b - Replication in simulation means running model
__________.
a) Once
b) Many times
c) With no data
d) Without variables
Answer: b - Output analysis removes __________.
a) Bias
b) Variables
c) Events
d) Modules
Answer: a - A warm-up period is used to eliminate __________.
a) Graphics
b) Initial transient bias
c) Events
d) Randomness
Answer: b
WEEK
5 – Networking Basics
- A computer network is a collection of __________.
a) Independent computers
b) Connected devices
c) Files
d) Storage units
Answer: b - The device used to connect two or more networks is a
__________.
a) Hub
b) Switch
c) Router
d) Bridge
Answer: c - The OSI model has __________ layers.
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 8
Answer: c - The physical layer deals with __________.
a) Routing
b) Bits & signals
c) Processes
d) Encryption
Answer: b - The data link layer handles __________.
a) Frames
b) Packets
c) Segments
d) Bits
Answer: a - The network layer uses __________.
a) Frames
b) Bits
c) Packets
d) Voltages
Answer: c - Transport layer ensures __________.
a) Reliable delivery
b) Physical connection
c) Byte conversion
d) Encryption
Answer: a - TCP is a __________ protocol.
a) Unreliable
b) Connection-oriented
c) Connectionless
d) Routing
Answer: b - UDP provides __________.
a) Reliability
b) Faster delivery
c) Guaranteed delivery
d) Error correction
Answer: b - DNS is part of the __________ layer.
a) Transport
b) Application
c) Network
d) Session
Answer: b
WEEK
6 – Internetworking, Routing, Protocols
- A gateway operates at __________.
a) Physical layer
b) Single layer
c) All layers
d) Only transport
Answer: c - ARP is used to map __________.
a) MAC → IP
b) IP → MAC
c) Domain → IP
d) IP → Domain
Answer: b - The device used to extend network range is __________.
a) Hub
b) Repeater
c) Switch
d) Fax
Answer: b - A switch operates at __________.
a) Layer 1
b) Layer 2
c) Layer 3
d) Layer 4
Answer: b - A router uses __________ to forward packets.
a) MAC table
b) Routing table
c) Session ID
d) Link speed
Answer: b - ICMP is used for __________.
a) Routing
b) Error reporting
c) Encryption
d) Email
Answer: b - Ping uses __________.
a) DNS
b) ICMP
c) HTTP
d) ARP
Answer: b - IP address is a __________ identifier.
a) Physical
b) Logical
c) Hardware
d) Virtual
Answer: b - Subnet mask is used for __________.
a) Encryption
b) Splitting networks
c) File control
d) Audio
Answer: b - Default gateway is used to reach __________.
a) Local devices
b) Remote networks
c) Printers only
d) OS processes
Answer: b
Networking
Continued (61–80)
- DHCP automatically assigns __________.
a) Passwords
b) IP addresses
c) Routing tables
d) DNS only
Answer: b - HTTP works on port __________.
a) 443
b) 80
c) 21
d) 53
Answer: b - HTTPS uses __________ encryption.
a) SSL/TLS
b) FTP
c) ICMP
d) SMTP
Answer: a - SMTP is used for __________.
a) Web browsing
b) File transfer
c) Email sending
d) Remote login
Answer: c - FTP stands for __________.
a) File Transfer Protocol
b) Fast Transfer Process
c) Final Transfer Port
d) File Test Program
Answer: a - Telnet is a __________ protocol.
a) Secure
b) Unsecure
c) Wireless
d) Physical
Answer: b - SSH is primarily used for __________.
a) Email
b) Secure remote login
c) File deletion
d) Routing
Answer: b - Collision domain is reduced by __________.
a) Hub
b) Switch
c) Repeater
d) Modem
Answer: b - Broadcast domain is controlled by __________.
a) Router
b) Hub
c) Switch
d) Repeater
Answer: a - VLAN stands for __________.
a) Virtual LAN
b) Visual LAN
c) Verified LAN
d) Variable LAN
Answer: a
Simulation
Mixture MCQs (81–100)
- In simulation, throughput means __________.
a) Total packets
b) Rate of processing
c) Memory usage
d) Input size
Answer: b - Average response time = number in system / __________.
a) Bandwidth
b) Throughput
c) Users
d) Speed
Answer: b - Local models run on __________.
a) Multi-platform
b) Single platform
c) No platform
d) Wireless devices
Answer: b - Undefined models have __________.
a) Clear purpose
b) No clear structure
c) Accurate output
d) Timed events
Answer: b - In event simulation, future events are stored in
__________.
a) Stack
b) Event queue
c) RAM
d) Log file
Answer: b - Continuous models are used for __________.
a) Water flow
b) Packet switching
c) Discrete processes
d) Logs
Answer: a - Trace-driven simulation uses __________.
a) Logs
b) Random values
c) Hardware
d) Files only
Answer: a - Real-time simulation runs at __________.
a) Slower than real time
b) Exact real-world speed
c) Faster always
d) No time
Answer: b - Distributed simulation uses __________.
a) Single computer
b) Multiple computers
c) Phones
d) Switches
Answer: b - A model is valid if it __________.
a) Looks nice
b) Represents real system accurately
c) Runs fast
d) Is colorful
Answer: b - Sensitivity analysis tests __________.
a) Small parameter changes
b) Animations
c) Memory
d) Tools
Answer: a - Simulation accuracy improves with __________.
a) More replications
b) Fewer trials
c) Removing events
d) Using slower CPU
Answer: a - A simulator is a __________.
a) Hardware
b) Software that mimics system
c) Human
d) Log file
Answer: b - Packet delay in networks is a type of __________.
a) Output performance metric
b) Hardware
c) File system
d) None
Answer: a - Bandwidth is measured in __________.
a) Volts
b) Bits per second
c) Kilograms
d) Seconds
Answer: b - Latency refers to __________.
a) Speed of light
b) Time delay
c) File size
d) Data loss
Answer: b - Jitter represents __________.
a) Variation in delay
b) Packet size
c) Network size
d) Power usage
Answer: a - Packet loss occurs due to __________.
a) Congestion
b) Rain
c) File system
d) Software license
Answer: a - Throughput decreases when __________.
a) Congestion increases
b) Links are idle
c) Errors decrease
d) Network is empty
Answer: a - A reliable protocol ensures __________.
a) Best effort delivery
b) No packet drops
c) Acknowledgment-based delivery
d) Wireless communication
Answer: c
1. Too much detail
can make a model very ------?
A) Easy
B) Complicated Correct
C) Useful
D) Attractive
2. Model is often
based on assumption which are ------?
A) Not always true Correct
B) Always true
C) Totally false
D) Not known
3. ---------- is a
simulation development process, measure, the performance
with?
A) Problem
formulation
B) Data collection
& analysis
C) “What - if” analysis Correct
D) Model validation,
verification
4. Interactive voice
and video application demands------?
A) Minimum good put
B) Minimum delay Correct
C) Minimum echo
D) Minimum throughput
5. Which of the
following is correct option for Monte Carlo simulation?
A) Probability
B) Experiment
C) Simulation Correct
D) Reliability
6. INET stands for
------?
A) Interest network emulation tool Correct
B) International
networking embedded technology
C) Interest
Networking
D) Internet
7. In OMNET ++ is
used for inheritance?
A) Inherit
B) Expand
C) Derives
D) Extends Correct
8. ------ means that
the scenario and condition for experiments must be
truly?
A) Unbiased
B) Repeatable
C) Rigorous Correct
D) Statically sound
9. ------ is an
advantage of using model?
A) Quick to test
B) Easy to modify
C) Flexible
D) All of given Correct
10. Quantity of error
– free data successfully to transforms between
nodes/sec is called?
A) Efficiency
B) Capacity
C) Utilization
D) Throughput Correct
11. OMNET++ allows
visualizing outputs of scalar and vectors files in ------
processes?
A) 5
B) 2 Correct
C) 4
D) 3
12. Formula to
calculate capacity is c = B*log2(1+-----)
A) N/S
B) 1/S
C) S/N Correct
D) 1/N
13. There are
-------steps of OMNET++ simulation?
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5 Correct
D) 6
14. The amount of
time average delay ----?
A) Remains same
B) Decreases
C) Minimize
D) Varies Correct
15. NED stands for
-----?
A) Network enabling
devices
B) Network definition
C) Network
description
D) Network entity description Correct
16. Attack success
probability is calculated as p ------?
Answer: 1- (1 – 1/Q)
17. ------ is not one of the requirements is to design of OMNET++?
A) Large scale
simulation
B) Increase debugging time Correct
C) Debugging
D) Reduce debugging
time
18.The building
process of OMNET++ is as ------ language?
A) Java
B) Visual basic
C) C/C++ Correct
D) Basic
19.Which of the
following attribute is used to record outputs to vector file?
A) Hop Scalar vector
B) Hop Count Scalar Correct
C) Hop Count Scalar
D) Hop vector scalar
20. During the
analysis in OMNET++ are displayed as a tree of processing
steps and charts.
A) Histograms
B) Datasets
C) Input files
D) Charts Correct
21. We need to count
TCP and UDP packets in order to know the total
number of ------?
A) Transport Correct
B) Received
C) Forward
D) Sent
1) The -------------- are
analyzed as scalars and vectors form of data.
Select the correct option
A. Output files
B. Datasets
C. Charts
D. Input files
2) Average Response Time = Average
Number in System / _________
Select the correct option
A. Average Speed
B. Average Users
C. Average Throughput
D. Average Bandwidth
3) Your model must not have
________
Select the correct option
A. Your assumptions
B. Your results
C. Your perspective
D. Your analytics
4) _________ models integrate
internal changes to the system with changing inputs.
Select the correct option
A. Deterministic
B. Dynamic
C. Stochastic
D. Linear
5) __________ models have no
randomness.
Select the correct option
A. Deterministic
B. Linear
C. Dynamic
D. Stochastic
6) _______ models don't have
unique input–output mapping.
Select the correct option
A. Deterministic
B. Stochastic
C. Linear
D. Dynamic
7) _________ model require
single platform.
Select the correct option
A. Global
B. Over defined
C. Local
D. Undefined
8) _________ is a measure of an
aggregate systemic property.
Select the correct option
A. Reflection
B. Evaluation
C. Intimation
D. Simulation
9) _______ defined models are
untrustworthy.
Select the correct option
A. Extra
B. Under
C. Highly
D. Over
10) <p>Technology
Landscape consists of ___________ parameters.</p>
Select the correct option
A. <p>2</p>
B. <p>1</p>
C. <p>4</p>
D. <p>3</p>
Q1: __________ is the level
of human effort required to keep that system operating at a satisfactory level.
✔️ Manageability
· Availability
· Manageability ✔️
· Reliability
· Extensibility
Q2: The amount of useful
traffic that is correctly transmitted, relative to total traffic is called
_________
✔️ Accuracy
· Availability
· Accuracy ✔️
· Performance
· Delay
Q3: __________ step is NOT included in Step
Wise Approach to measure downtime
✔️ Simulate the outcome
· Define What You Protect
· Simulate the outcome ✔️
· Calculate cost
· Identify Business Continuity Components
1.
A model that changes state only at specific moments is called:
A. Continuous model
B. Static model
C. Discrete event model
D. Deterministic model
Answer: C
2.
A simulation that uses randomness is called:
A. Deterministic
B. Stochastic
C. Static
D. Linear
Answer: B
3.
Which OMNeT++ file defines network topology?
A. .cpp
B. .ini
C. .ned
D. .msg
Answer: C
4.
In OMNeT++, simple modules contain:
A. Topology only
B. Graphical settings
C. Logic and code
D. Physical connections
Answer: C
5.
Continuous models use which type of time?
A. Step-wise
B. Event-based
C. Smooth time progression
D. Fixed slots
Answer: C
6.
Which of the following is an event scheduler responsible for?
A. Drawing animations
B. Ordering and executing events
C. Generating randomness
D. Building topology
Answer: B
7.
What stores future events in a simulation?
A. Event queue
B. Trace file
C. Gate
D. Packet buffer
Answer: A
8.
Simulation accuracy depends mostly on:
A. Hardware brand
B. Model quality
C. User interface
D. Animation features
Answer: B
9.
A deterministic model always produces:
A. Random results
B. Same results
C. Multiple outputs
D. No output
Answer: B
10.
Animation in OMNeT++ shows:
A. CPU usage
B. Message movement
C. Source code
D. Log files
Answer: B
11.
A stochastic model needs:
A. Fixed inputs
B. Random number generator
C. No parameters
D. Hardware testing
Answer: B
12.
Tracing helps monitor:
A. Colors of nodes
B. Packet flow
C. GUI performance
D. User clicks
Answer: B
13.
To configure simulation parameters, OMNeT++ uses:
A. .exe files
B. .ini files
C. .log files
D. .txt files
Answer: B
14.
Which OMNeT++ component defines message format?
A. .cpp
B. .msg
C. .ini
D. .ned
Answer: B
15.
The count of hops indicates:
A. Packet size
B. Number of nodes crossed
C. CPU cycles
D. Channel width
Answer: B
16.
What is simulation time?
A. Real time
B. Computer clock
C. Virtual time
D. External timer
Answer: C
17.
An incorrect random sequence causes:
A. High animation
B. Pitfalls
C. Faster simulation
D. Hardware failure
Answer: B
18.
The main purpose of using simulation is:
A. Increase cost
B. Reduce testing effort
C. Hide network
D. Slow down development
Answer: B
19.
A simple module can have:
A. Gates
B. Display icons
C. Logic code
D. All of the above
Answer: D
20.
Throughput represents:
A. Signal noise
B. Data transmission rate
C. CPU temperature
D. Packet coloring
Answer: B
21.
Latency means:
A. Speed
B. Delay
C. Bandwidth
D. Jitter
Answer: B
22.
A simulation that tests rare conditions is called:
A. Stress simulation
B. Basic simulation
C. Dry test
D. Component simulation
Answer: A
23.
The event list stores events sorted by:
A. Node name
B. Gate count
C. Time of execution
D. Message length
Answer: C
24.
OMNeT++ is based on:
A. Python
B. C++
C. Java
D. Go
Answer: B
25.
Models that never change with time are:
A. Static
B. Dynamic
C. Hybrid
D. Complex
Answer: A
26.
A module’s communication points are called:
A. Labels
B. Gates
C. Tags
D. Ports
Answer: B
27.
Packet dropping occurs when:
A. TTL expires
B. Gate breaks
C. CPU overheats
D. File deletes
Answer: A
28.
Trace files help in:
A. Debugging
B. Compression
C. Encryption
D. Battery savings
Answer: A
29.
In simulation, a state refers to:
A. Country
B. System condition
C. Program name
D. File type
Answer: B
30.
Simulation models reduce:
A. Time & cost
B. Output
C. Accuracy
D. Errors
Answer: A
31.
Message passing occurs between:
A. Files
B. Modules
C. Screens
D. Users
Answer: B
32.
A well-designed model must be:
A. Simple
B. Accurate
C. Flexible
D. All of these
Answer: D
33.
Event-driven simulation progresses based on:
A. Animation
B. User clicks
C. Occurrence of events
D. CPU speed
Answer: C
34.
OMNeT++ network files define:
A. Device power
B. Node layout
C. User profiles
D. Passwords
Answer: B
35.
The internetworking device that connects networks is:
A. Router
B. Hub
C. Repeater
D. Switch
Answer: A
36.
Application layer provides:
A. Routing
B. End-user services
C. Error correction
D. Packet forwarding
Answer: B
37.
A simulation is considered reliable when:
A. GUI is colorful
B. Output matches real world
C. Faster animations
D. More modules added
Answer: B
38.
In OMNeT++, parameters are written using:
A. @signal
B. @display
C. @stat
D. @parameter
Answer: D
39.
A message in TicToc carries:
A. Image
B. Integer value
C. Audio
D. None
Answer: B
40.
Best simulation models are:
A. Overly complex
B. Realistic and simple
C. Costly
D. Random
Answer: B
41.
Channel delay represents:
A. Packet loss
B. Transmission time
C. Disk usage
D. Screen size
Answer: B
42.
OMNeT++ uses which GUI framework?
A. JavaFX
B. Tkinter
C. Qtenv
D. React
Answer: C
43.
Event queue grows when:
A. Events not executed
B. CPU high
C. Animation on
D. Window minimized
Answer: A
44.
Which model type is most realistic?
A. Stochastic
B. Static
C. Deterministic
D. Manual
Answer: A
45.
Simulation ends when:
A. User closes GUI
B. Event list empty
C. Internet off
D. RAM full
Answer: B
46.
The simulator kernel handles:
A. Painting GUI
B. Event processing
C. Sound output
D. Hard drive
Answer: B
47.
In OMNeT++, connections are drawn using:
A. Gates
B. Lines
C. Links
D. Channels
Answer: D
48.
Debugging simulation requires:
A. Breakpoints
B. Logging
C. Tracing
D. All of these
Answer: D
49.
Random delay in simulation is generated using:
A. uniform()
B. scanf()
C. print()
D. fread()
Answer: A
50.
A simulator component responsible for time progression is:
A. Timer chip
B. Event scheduler
C. GUI engine
D. Gate driver
Answer: B
30
Important Short Questions (With Answers)
1.
What is a simulation?
Simulation is the imitation of a real system’s behavior using a model.
2.
What is a model in simulation?
A model is a simplified representation of a real-world system.
3.
What is the difference between deterministic and stochastic models?
Deterministic models have fixed outcomes; stochastic models involve randomness.
4.
Define discrete event simulation.
A simulation where system state changes only at specific events.
5.
What is continuous simulation?
A system whose state changes continuously over time, not at discrete events.
6.
What is the role of a network engineer?
To design, test, implement, and troubleshoot network systems.
7.
What does OMNeT++ stand for?
Objective Modular Network Testbed in C++.
8.
What is NED in OMNeT++?
NED is a network description language used to define topology.
9.
What is the message queue in OMNeT++?
A structure that stores future scheduled events.
10.
Define event in simulation.
An event is an occurrence that changes the system state.
11.
What is an event handler?
A function that processes events when they occur.
12.
What is packet tracing?
Monitoring packets’ path and behavior during simulation.
13.
What is animation in OMNeT++?
Visual display of message movement between modules.
14.
What is module in OMNeT++?
A building block representing network entities like nodes.
15.
Difference between simple and compound modules?
Simple modules contain logic; compound modules group modules.
16.
What is hop count?
Number of nodes a packet passes before reaching destination.
17.
What is a simulation clock?
Tracks virtual time inside the simulation.
18.
Define topology.
Arrangement or structure of nodes in a network.
19.
What is latency?
Delay between sending and receiving a message.
20.
What is throughput?
Amount of data transferred per unit time.
21.
What is the event scheduler?
Component that orders and executes events.
22.
What are parameters in OMNeT++?
Variables used to configure module behavior.
23.
What is a gate in OMNeT++?
Connection point through which messages travel.
24.
What is an ini file?
Configuration file that controls simulation settings.
25.
What is a trace file?
Log file showing event flow, time, and packet information.
26.
What is a channel in OMNeT++?
Defines properties of links like delay and data rate.
27.
What is message passing?
Communication between modules via messages.
28.
What is the purpose of simulation?
To analyze system performance without real-world cost.
29.
What is a pseudo-random generator?
Algorithm that generates random numbers for stochastic simulations.
30.
What causes simulation inaccuracies?
Poor model design, incorrect parameters, or weak randomness.
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