Arrays c++
Introduction
We have started writing functions, which will become a part of our every program. As C language is a function-oriented language, so we will be dealing with too many functions. Our programming toolkit is almost complete but still a very important component is missing. We are going to discuss this component i.e. Arrays in this lecture.
Arrays:
In C language, every array has a data type i.e. name and size. Data type can be any valid data type. The rules of variable naming convention apply to array names. The size of the array tells how many elements are there in the array. The size of the array should be a precise number. The arrays occupy the memory depending upon their size and have contiguous area of memory.
Declaration:
The declaration of arrays is as follows:
data_type array_name [size] ;
for example:
int ages[10];
const int arraySize =
100;
This statement creates an identifier arraySize and assigns
it the value 100. Now the
arraySize is called integer constant. It is not a variable. We cannot change its value in
the program. In the array declaration, we can use this as:
int age [arraySize];
Now in the loop condition, we can write like this:
for ( i = 0; i < arraySize ; i ++)
X==rand();
The random function generates an integer which is assigned to variables X.
Consider the function calling mechanism.
Sample Program 1
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
main()
{
int z, i ;
int a [ 100 ] ;
// Initializing the array.
for ( i =0 ; i < 100 ; i ++ )
{
a [ i ] = i ;
}
cout << "Please enter a
positive integer" ;
cin >> z ;
int found = 0 ;
// loop to search the number.
for ( i = 0 ; i < 100 ; i ++ )
{
if ( z == a [ i ] )
{
found = 1 ;
break ;
}
}
if ( found == 1 )
cout << "We found the
integer at index " << i ;
else
cout << " The number was
not found" ;
}
Tips Initialize the array explicitly
Array index (subscript) starts from 0 and ends one less than the array size
To copy an array, the size and data type of both arrays should be same
Array subscript may be an integer or an integer expression
Assigning another value to a const is a syntax error
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